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 | 
 
 
 def all(self)
 # 获取所有的数据对象
 
 def filter(self, *args, **kwargs)
 # 条件查询
 # 条件可以是:参数,字典,Q
 
 def exclude(self, *args, **kwargs)
 # 条件查询
 # 条件可以是:参数,字典,Q
 
 def select_related(self, *fields)
 性能相关:表之间进行join连表操作,一次性获取关联的数据。
 model.tb.objects.all().select_related()
 model.tb.objects.all().select_related('外键字段')
 model.tb.objects.all().select_related('外键字段__外键字段')
 
 def prefetch_related(self, *lookups)
 性能相关:多表连表操作时速度会慢,使用其执行多次SQL查询在Python代码中实现连表操作。
 # 获取所有用户表
 # 获取用户类型表where id in (用户表中的查到的所有用户ID)
 models.UserInfo.objects.prefetch_related('外键字段')
 
 
 
 from django.db.models import Count, Case, When, IntegerField
 Article.objects.annotate(
 numviews=Count(Case(
 When(readership__what_time__lt=treshold, then=1),
 output_field=CharField(),
 ))
 )
 
 students = Student.objects.all().annotate(num_excused_absences=models.Sum(
 models.Case(
 models.When(absence__type='Excused', then=1),
 default=0,
 output_field=models.IntegerField()
 )))
 
 def annotate(self, *args, **kwargs)
 # 用于实现聚合group by查询
 
 from django.db.models import Count, Avg, Max, Min, Sum
 
 v = models.UserInfo.objects.values('u_id').annotate(uid=Count('u_id'))
 # SELECT u_id, COUNT(ui) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id
 
 v = models.UserInfo.objects.values('u_id').annotate(uid=Count('u_id')).filter(uid__gt=1)
 # SELECT u_id, COUNT(ui_id) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id having count(u_id) > 1
 
 v = models.UserInfo.objects.values('u_id').annotate(uid=Count('u_id',distinct=True)).filter(uid__gt=1)
 # SELECT u_id, COUNT( DISTINCT ui_id) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id having count(u_id) > 1
 
 def distinct(self, *field_names)
 # 用于distinct去重
 models.UserInfo.objects.values('nid').distinct()
 # select distinct nid from userinfo
 
 注:只有在PostgreSQL中才能使用distinct进行去重
 
 def order_by(self, *field_names)
 # 用于排序
 models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by('-id','age')
 
 def extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None)
 # 构造额外的查询条件或者映射,如:子查询
 
 Entry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select col from sometable where othercol > %s"}, select_params=(1,))
 Entry.objects.extra(where=['headline=%s'], params=['Lennon'])
 Entry.objects.extra(where=["foo='a' OR bar = 'a'", "baz = 'a'"])
 Entry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select id from tb where id > %s"}, select_params=(1,), order_by=['-nid'])
 
 def reverse(self):
 
 models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by('-nid').reverse()
 
 
 
 def defer(self, *fields):
 models.UserInfo.objects.defer('username','id')
 或
 models.UserInfo.objects.filter(...).defer('username','id')
 
 
 def only(self, *fields):
 
 models.UserInfo.objects.only('username','id')
 或
 models.UserInfo.objects.filter(...).only('username','id')
 
 def using(self, alias):
 指定使用的数据库,参数为别名(setting中的设置)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 def raw(self, raw_query, params=None, translations=None, using=None):
 
 models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select * from userinfo')
 
 
 models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select id as nid from 其他表')
 
 
 models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select id as nid from userinfo where nid>%s', params=[12,])
 
 
 name_map = {'first': 'first_name', 'last': 'last_name', 'bd': 'birth_date', 'pk': 'id'}
 Person.objects.raw('SELECT * FROM some_other_table', translations=name_map)
 
 
 models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select * from userinfo', using="default")
 
 
 from django.db import connection, connections
 cursor = connection.cursor()
 cursor.execute("""SELECT * from auth_user where id = %s""", [1])
 row = cursor.fetchone()
 
 
 def values(self, *fields):
 
 
 def values_list(self, *fields, **kwargs):
 
 
 def dates(self, field_name, kind, order='ASC'):
 
 
 
 
 - year : 年-01-01
 - month: 年-月-01
 - day  : 年-月-日
 
 models.DatePlus.objects.dates('ctime','day','DESC')
 
 def datetimes(self, field_name, kind, order='ASC', tzinfo=None):
 
 
 
 
 models.DDD.objects.datetimes('ctime','hour',tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
 models.DDD.objects.datetimes('ctime','hour',tzinfo=pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai'))
 
 """
 pip3 install pytz
 import pytz
 pytz.all_timezones
 pytz.timezone(‘Asia/Shanghai’)
 """
 
 def none(self):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 def aggregate(self, *args, **kwargs):
 
 from django.db.models import Count, Avg, Max, Min, Sum
 result = models.UserInfo.objects.aggregate(k=Count('u_id', distinct=True), n=Count('nid'))
 ===> {'k': 3, 'n': 4}
 
 def count(self):
 
 
 def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
 
 
 def create(self, **kwargs):
 
 
 def bulk_create(self, objs, batch_size=None):
 
 
 objs = [
 models.DDD(name='r11'),
 models.DDD(name='r22')
 ]
 models.DDD.objects.bulk_create(objs, 10)
 
 def get_or_create(self, defaults=None, **kwargs):
 
 
 obj, created = models.UserInfo.objects.get_or_create(username='root1', defaults={'email': '1111111','u_id': 2, 't_id': 2})
 
 def update_or_create(self, defaults=None, **kwargs):
 
 
 obj, created = models.UserInfo.objects.update_or_create(username='root1', defaults={'email': '1111111','u_id': 2, 't_id': 1})
 
 def first(self):
 
 
 def last(self):
 
 
 def in_bulk(self, id_list=None):
 
 id_list = [11,21,31]
 models.DDD.objects.in_bulk(id_list)
 
 def delete(self):
 
 
 def update(self, **kwargs):
 
 
 def exists(self):
 
 
 
 q = models.UserInfo.objects.all().select_related('ut','gp')
 
 for row in q:
 print(row.name,row.ut.title)
 
 
 q = models.UserInfo.objects.all().prefetch_related('ut')
 
 
 
 for row in q:
 print(row.id,row.ut.title)
 
 |